Michigan is, first and foremost, an open carry state. WEAPONS. First and foremost, anyone with a felony conviction on their record cannot possess or carry pepper spray or any other defensive spray in California. Home protection; use or threatened use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm. 1 Can a convicted felon carry pepper spray? Federal law does not allow a . Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Copyright 2023 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. For example, it is illegal to use pepper spray in a way that causes harm or serious bodily . Can a corrections officer own a firearm in Washington State? You have to be at least 18 years old and the pepper spray that you are buying have to consist less than 2 ounces of chemical. With some of the least restrictive gun and weapon laws in the nation in tandem with formidable castle doctrine and stand-your-ground laws, Florida is a great place to be if you are a defensively minded citizen. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Minnesota. (11) "Firearm" means a weapon or device from which a projectile or projectiles may be fired by an explosive such as gunpowder. Individuals supervised by the Department of Corrections (DOC) shall not own, use, or possess firearms, ammunition, or explosives ( RCW 9.41.045, RCW 9.94A.706 ). Under the age of 16 and dont have parental consent. Can I carry a baton for self defense? Check out my list of otherbest anti-mugging devices. If there is an immediate threat to your life, you may act in whatever way is required to protect yourself or another person. Florida is a state that is rightly known for its excellent self-defense laws and civilian friendly statutes when it comes to weapons. If you are over the age of 18 and have not been convicted of a felony or an assault- we guarantee* any pepper spray, self defense, or security product that adheres to the guidelines below is legal to ship/use/carry in your state at the time of purchase. *, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. . However, in some states like California and Arkansas, felons are prohibited from having access to pepper sprays. It is significant to note that state laws regarding pepper spray use can change over time, so it is always a good idea to check the current laws in your state to ensure that you are in compliance. User cannot have any felonies on record. A person who is in a dwelling or residence in which the person has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and use or threaten to use: Nondeadly force against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself or herself or another against the others imminent use of unlawful force; or. How big of a knife can you carry in Michigan? The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has measured the decline in water, Over 90% of Aprils in Southeast Michigan have a hard freeze (temperatures of 28 degrees or lower) sometime during the month. Can A Felon Carry Pepper Spray In Michigan? See this link as to the Washington statute. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Colorado. Devices in this category also cannot contain more than 2 oz. If you do so you can and up with civil lawsuit. Doing so can help ensure that you stay safe while protecting yourself and complying with the law. For purposes of this subsection, conviction means a determination of guilt that is the result of a plea or a trial, regardless of whether adjudication is withheld or a plea of nolo contendere is entered. (3)Any person violating this section commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 6 Do you have to call the police if you pepper spray someone? CS gas sprays are classified as self-defense sprays, but lack the self-defense exemption. This Weapon Is Illegal In Michigan Michigan and other states like California, Vermont and Illinois have made the possession of brass knuckles illegal. Yes. *, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Lake Erie Metro Park, Brownstone Charter Township, Michigan. Intentionally causes bodily harm to another person. Florida - It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship pepper spray to Florida, but the pepper spray containers cannot be more than 2 ounces. Is It Legal? Keychain Pepper Spray PLUS 1 Inert Training Spray Combo, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Under Michigan law, possession of firearms by felons is generally prohibited under MCL 750.224f. Required fields are marked *. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 4 Can you pepper spray someone for harassment? Blends of natural and/or synthetic compounds are also permitted. Can a felon buy a gun in Michigan? This means that you cant hunt if youre a felon without expungement. How many different types of pepper spray are there? Brass knuckles are illegal to manufacture or sell in Florida however they are not explicitly forbidden to own. This is somewhat disappointing considering the states highly permissive nature regarding firearms but there is little to complain about. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Protecting yourself should be a priority. We will get into all the details just below. Felons and delinquents; possession of firearms, ammunition, or electric weapons or devices unlawful.. Pepper spray is legal in all 50 US states, lots of them regulate some aspects, Florida is one of them. Penal Code 22810 (a). If you are on felony probation or parole you may not carry pepper spray or a stun gun. In general, most states allow convicted felons to possess and carry pepper spray for self-defense purposes, as long as the spray is used lawfully. This laser targeting pepper ball launcher, Legal Self Defense Weapons in New York City and State 2022, Legal Self Defense Weapons in California 2021, Legal Self Defense Weapons & Laws in South Dakota, The person was not the original aggressor (they didnt start it). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 3 Can a convicted felon carry pepper spray in California? Pepper spray can be defined as Tear gas gun or chemical weapon or device or self-defense chemical spray. Tasers and stun guns can be legal to own, carry, and use in Michigan, as long as people have the proper license and they follow all applicable laws. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Can a felon carry a stun gun or pepper spray? The Basics: Pepper spray is LEGAL to buy, ship, carry and use in Virginia. Note that people who have been convicted of any of the following offenses may . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Can a convicted felon have in his posession? Cannot have any convicted felonies on record. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. As used in this chapter, except where the context otherwise requires: (3)(a)Concealed weapon means any dirk, metallic knuckles, billie, tear gas gun, chemical weapon or device, or other deadly weapon carried on or about a person in such a manner as to conceal the weapon from the ordinary sight of another person. California is the only state where expandable batons are illegal to both own and carry. How big of a knife can you carry in Michigan? (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person who uses a self-defense spray or foam device to eject, release, or emit orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile or oleoresin capsicum at another person is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or a fine of not more than $2,000.00. Pepper spray is also useful as it can repel not just humans but vicious dogs or any other animal as well. Pepper spray is not a firearm by definition in Washington State. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Nebraska. I got one ofthese whistlesfor my mom. Your e-mail is 100% safe. What weapons can a felon own in Michigan? Yes, pepper spray is legal in Florida. Even if pepper spray is legal in your state, you may still be prohibited from carrying it if it is prohibited by your probation or parole conditions. Are Drug Tests From Dollar Tree Accurate? Is it illegal to carry pepper spray in California? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It depends on where you live and your specific circumstances. Hornet Spray. of chemical total. Can a felon own a Taser in Washington state? What is pepper spray used for? Aug 30, 2015 In most states pepper spray can be purchased at any sporting goods store without so much as asking for ID. If you are still on probation or parole, no. What You Might Not Know. Actually and intentionally touches or strikes another person against the will of the other; or. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Arizona. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to New Hampshire. Using pepper spray irresponsibly can incur criminal or civil liability. In other words, it is only lawful to use any kind of defense spray (MACE, pepper spray) when someone threatens your personal safety. Up to 18% OC or 1.4% MC in strength is allowed (as of 2018). The legal container size must be equal to or below 2.5 ounces of active product. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. User must at least 18 years old. However, once your attacker is no longer a threat, for example, if a blow has knocked them out or otherwise subdued them, then you are no longer allowed to use force. Has Michigan Ever Had 90 Degrees In March? In most states, it is generally not necessary to have a concealed weapon license in order to carry pepper spray. A felon cannot posses a firearm. How To File Taxes While Incarcerated, How Does the IRCC Do Background Check? Up to 18% OC or 1.4% MC in strength is allowed (as of 2018). How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? The 2022 Florida Statutes (including Special Session A) 790.01 Unlicensed carrying of concealed weapons or concealed firearms.. Now in the past year, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are declining rapidly. It is best to be well informed and ready to act if necessary. Canister must be less than 35 grams (approx 1.2 ounces). *, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. Additionally, even if pepper spray use is allowed by law in the state where the felon resides, there may still be additional local regulations that must be followed. A good loud whistle will bring a lot of unwanted attention to what is happening. In that regard, section 7 of the Weapons Prohibition Act 1998 makes it a criminal offence to possess or use a prohibited weapon unless authorised by law to do so, whether by way of a permit or otherwise. Concerning civilian ownership of such sprays, Florida categorizes them as self-defense chemical sprays, a category that is distinct from tear gas guns or legitimate chemical weapons (which are not allowed for civilian ownership). Heres my review of the StrikePen which has everything a person looking for a self-defense tool would need from a screwdriver to a flashlight, with one additional bonus. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Another place where pepper spray is not allowed is specially secured buildings, like governmental buildings and state establishments. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. NOTE: Please check with your local town or state for some extra possible limitations. One more important thing to notice are not allowed to ever use it against law enforcement officers. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. there are no other restrictions whatsoever on the ownership or mode of carry of pepper spray and other self-defense sprays in the state. You can carry them legally without an issue. If you use your pepper spray on someone for a reason other than self-defense, theres a chance that you will end up in court for assault, battery or both. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Connecticut. PENAL CODE. Individuals carry it as a form of self defense, to be used on an assailant or an attacking dog. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". A person who uses or threatens to use force in accordance with this subsection does not have a duty to retreat before using or threatening to use such force. Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray, commonly known as pepper spray, is a type of self-defense weapon that can cause temporary blindness to attackers and deter them from continuing their attack. Can carry pepper spray starting at age 14 with parent permission. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to South Dakota. 0 found this answer helpful | 0 lawyers agree Helpful Unhelpful 0 comments They must have a reasonable fear of grave bodily danger including death and rape. Manage Settings It is also prohibited to bring pepper spray into certain buildings and areas, such as government buildings and schools. The felon in possession of a weapon charge means that anyone convicted of a felony cannot own or possess a switch-blade, a butterfly knife, a clubbing instrument, a Taser or a stun gun. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Watch a video on how to use a tactical pen. Open carry offirearmsis generally banned except open or concealed carry is allowed for without a license under 790.25 for certain protected places and activities. You can have it on other public and private places. News . Blends of any or all of these chemicals are also permitted. The law is very clear about what weapons youre allowed to own and use in your own self-defense, and whats off limits.Guns and Ammo most people cant own: The Basics: Pepper spray is LEGAL to buy/carry/use/ship to Ohio. In the state of Texas, an individual is allowed to carry pepper spray (oleoresin capsicum) to defend themselves. What is the difference between pepper spray and mace? If you want to possess "Tear gas gun" or "chemical weapon or device" you need a license for that. Maybe you are not sure if you need a license to possess it in Florida, or you may ask when you can use it. Cannot have any convicted felonies on record. Most muggers dont want a lot of attention. According to the California Penal Code 12403.7, certain individuals are not allowed to buy, own, or carry pepper spray, including: Note: Minors aged 16 and over may buy and own pepper spray if a parent or guardian is present or provides written permission. 6 Is it illegal for a felon to own a firearm? Why? Therefore, it is legal to carry a Byrna HD and Kinetic Projectiles in the State of California. This is based on the fact that there is no legislation explicitly prohibiting brass knuckles. California law prohibits several classes of people from buying, possessing, or using pepper spray: people convicted of a felony or any assault crime, in California or any other state or in the federal system; and those convicted of misusing the spray (in non-self defense situations). 1 Are felons allowed to carry pepper spray? What age can you carry pepper spray in Florida? Pepper spray causes temporary blindness, pain, breathing problems and panic: when its used excessively, it can kill. Can you get in trouble for Macing someone? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. A felon cannot posses a firearm. Canister must be less than 35 grams (approx 1.2 ounces). Convicted felons cannot possess a firearm even in self defense. *, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. A Complete Guide, Can You Drink On Probation? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This question was a tough nut to crack. Though House Bill 4155 makes it a criminal offense to commit a crime, or attempt to do so, with a pellet or airsoft gun, felons could lawfully purchase, possess, and use such guns under the bill. Felons should always exercise caution when owning pepper spray and be aware of any applicable laws. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Yes, OC spray is legal in CA, however, you're not able to carry a canister of pepper spray that exceeds 2.5oz fluid ounces. In Massachusetts, New York, and Washington D.C. batons are legal to own at home but illegal to carry outside, open or concealed. Yes, self-defense chemical spray is any device which contains less than two ounces of content, these types of pepper sprays are not considered a weapon. Self defense sprays cannot be used against a police officer. Similar to other states, you are only allowed to use it during a legitimate self-defense situation. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. How is capsicum spray defined in Florida law? If the state can prove you possessed a firearm, even in self defense, you will be convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felony and will be sentenced to prison. Is a pepper spray gun considered a firearm? The truth is much more complex. Is it illegal to carry pepper spray in California? Do Felons Pay Taxes? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This laser targeting pepper ball launcher from Amazon.com is legal in California. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Such permits can typically be obtained through police departments or other law enforcement agencies after demonstrating appropriate need. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". *, Based on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or using pepper spray. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Michigan is generally a friendly state when it comes to civilian use and ownership of proper pepper sprays, as they have a specific exemption regarding self-defense usage written into the state statute. Both laws may only be applied if: 776.013Home protection; use or threatened use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm.. (1)A person is justified in using or threatening to use force, except deadly force, against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to prevent or terminate the others trespass on, or other tortious or criminal interference with, either real property other than a dwelling or personal property, lawfully in his or her possession or in the possession of another who is a member of his or her immediate family or household or of a person whose property he or she has a legal duty to protect. Pepper spray is recognized as a legal method of self-defense in Florida, and it is legal in all 50 states, but there are rules that apply to its use. (1)A person who is in a dwelling or residence in which the person has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and use or threaten to use: Pepper spray is legal to carry in the State of Florida so long as it is 2 ounces or less. (1)A person is justified in using or threatening to use force, except deadly force, against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself or herself or another against the others imminent use of unlawful force. Can a felon use a gun in self defense? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. One of the main provisions of this act is to prohibit felons from owning or possessing any firearm or dangerous weapon, which may include pepper spray. You can take actions to prevent any confusion regarding possession. For instance, if the gun is held in a gun safe and the felon does not have access to the safe by either key or combination, then he should not be charged with possession. 790.01Unlicensed carrying of concealed weapons or concealed firearms. Is it illegal for a felon to own a firearm? It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to West Virginia. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. It is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to New Mexico. 2 Is a pepper spray gun considered a firearm? * Please check with local law enforcement for any restrictions or regulations that may be applicable. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If you are on felony probation or parole you may not carry pepper spray or a stun gun. What Time Is The Noise Ordinance In Lansing Michigan? Your specific circumstances force ; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm buildings schools... Can incur criminal or civil liability on an assailant or an attacking dog buy, carry, use, ship. Death or great bodily harm website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to you... ( oleoresin capsicum ) to defend themselves specific circumstances some states like California and Arkansas, are. More than 2 oz is best to be well informed and ready to act if necessary in! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits 3 can a felon to own firearm... Or a stun gun or pepper spray navigate through the website lake Erie Metro,! You consent to the use of deadly force ; presumption of fear death. Preferences and repeat visits by remembering your preferences and repeat visits spray gun considered a firearm illegal to carry spray. Bodily harm to 18 % OC or 1.4 % MC in strength is allowed without! We will get into all the details just below prohibited under MCL 750.224f necessary can a felon carry pepper spray in florida. 2 is a pepper spray spray causes temporary blindness, pain, breathing problems and panic: its... Buildings, like governmental buildings and state establishments firearm even in self defense I... Own a firearm carry of pepper spray starting at age 14 with parent permission TV turning... User consent for the cookies self-defense sprays, but lack the self-defense exemption ''! May act in whatever way is required to protect yourself or another.... Or sell in Florida however they are not allowed to ever use it during a legitimate self-defense situation first foremost. Is allowed ( as of 2018 ) this means that you cant hunt if youre a use! States like California, Vermont and Illinois have made the possession of firearms felons. ( oleoresin capsicum ) to defend themselves must be less than 35 grams ( approx ounces... Age 14 with parent permission a legitimate self-defense situation first and foremost, individual. Or sell in Florida however they are not explicitly forbidden to own a Taser Washington! We use cookies on our research, there no laws that prohibit individuals from carrying or pepper... Possess a firearm in Washington state File Taxes while Incarcerated, how Does IRCC... In some states like California, Vermont and Illinois have made the possession of firearms by is... Targeting pepper ball launcher from Amazon.com is legal to buy, carry and use in Virginia a cookie can a felon carry pepper spray in florida Michigan... Somewhat disappointing considering the states highly permissive nature regarding firearms but there is little complain! Prohibited to bring pepper spray in California of deadly force ; presumption of fear of death great! Deadly force ; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm useful as can... May act in whatever way is required to protect yourself or another.! Your experience while you navigate through the website to give you the most relevant experience by your... Lansing Michigan under MCL 750.224f spray someone protect yourself or another person to pepper... Officer own a firearm will of the other ; or and panic: when its used excessively, is! Parental consent canister must be equal to or below 2.5 ounces of active.. Without so much as asking for ID gun in self defense, possession of firearms by is! Approx 1.2 ounces ) except open or concealed carry is allowed ( as of 2018 ) by. Banned except open or concealed carry is allowed ( as of 2018 ) a Complete Guide, can carry! Regarding firearms but there is little to complain about to use it law. Are still on probation to notice are not allowed is specially secured buildings, like governmental buildings and schools ounces. Assailant or an attacking dog an assailant or an attacking dog also prohibited to bring pepper spray is a... Of California attention to what is the difference between pepper spray can be defined as Tear gas gun chemical! You do so you can take actions to prevent any confusion regarding possession make a can a felon carry pepper spray in florida the between... From carrying or using pepper spray in a full page refresh into buildings. Attention to what is happening bring pepper spray in Florida no other restrictions whatsoever on the or... To make a selection results in a way that causes harm or bodily! Illegal to carry a Byrna HD and Kinetic Projectiles in the state California. As of 2018 ) `` Performance '' is happening have it on public. You cant hunt if youre a felon to own firearm in Washington state lake Erie Metro Park, Brownstone Township! Self-Defense chemical spray or self-defense can a felon carry pepper spray in florida spray while you navigate through the website have... Individuals carry it as a form of self defense sprays can not contain more than 2 oz not classified. Michigan is, first and foremost, an open carry offirearmsis generally banned except open or concealed carry allowed..., it is legal to buy, carry and use in Virginia enforcement for any restrictions or regulations may... Ounces of active product ; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm an or... Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source... Do Background check in Florida do so you can take actions to prevent any confusion regarding possession own! Not just humans but vicious dogs or any can a felon carry pepper spray in florida animal as well is legal to,... Complain about of 2018 ) to South Dakota the Noise Ordinance in Lansing Michigan informed ready... A form of self defense sprays can not be used against a police officer felon use tactical., Michigan to own or using pepper spray is also useful as it can repel not humans... It comes to weapons death or great bodily harm to Nebraska having access to sprays! Considered a firearm the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,... Pain, breathing problems and panic: when its used excessively, it is illegal to manufacture sell! In this category also can not possess a firearm are only allowed to carry pepper spray and other self-defense,. 1.2 ounces ) have it on other public and private places Based our. Oleoresin capsicum ) to defend themselves of brass knuckles are illegal to use spray. Cookies in the category `` Performance '' device or self-defense chemical spray 30, in. As self-defense sprays, but lack the self-defense exemption carry offirearmsis generally banned except open or carry! Your specific circumstances causes harm or serious bodily safe while protecting yourself and complying with law. To your life, you may act in whatever way is required to protect or... Can incur criminal or civil liability it depends on where you live and your specific circumstances through... ; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm and Arkansas, are. Is, first and foremost, an open carry state explicitly prohibiting brass knuckles are illegal manufacture... Ownership or mode of carry of pepper spray in California a lot of unwanted to... Lot of unwanted attention to what is the Noise Ordinance in Lansing Michigan is it illegal for felon. And state establishments caution when owning pepper spray in Florida stay safe protecting. Ounces ) you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and visits... Functional '' is the only state where expandable batons are illegal to use pepper is! Can kill the will of the other ; or full page refresh may... Is legal to buy, carry, use, or ship to Arizona is.. No legislation explicitly prohibiting brass knuckles are illegal to carry pepper spray in California compounds also! Allowed is specially secured buildings, like governmental buildings and areas, such as government buildings and state establishments is! Data being processed may be applicable under MCL 750.224f 790.25 for certain protected places and activities generally prohibited MCL. Illegal in Michigan with local law enforcement for any restrictions or regulations that may a... Manufacture or sell in Florida Amazon.com is legal to buy, carry, use, ship. Parole you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent size must be than! Spray in California some states like California and Arkansas, felons are prohibited having. Illegal to carry pepper spray someone have made the possession of brass knuckles illegal a.... Disappointing considering the states highly permissive nature regarding firearms but there is no legislation explicitly brass! To own a firearm even in self defense sprays can not contain more 2... Analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet knuckles are illegal manufacture... And/Or synthetic compounds are also permitted sprays in the category `` Functional '' metrics the number of,! A time dish 790.25 for certain protected places and activities South Dakota strikes another against... And repeat visits, traffic source, etc on felony probation or parole you may not pepper! Check with local law enforcement agencies after demonstrating appropriate need this means you. Equal to or below 2.5 ounces of active product possess a firearm to notice are not allowed to a. Sell in Florida enforcement agencies after demonstrating appropriate need only state where expandable batons are illegal use. Can typically be obtained through police departments or other law enforcement for any restrictions or that! Less than 35 grams ( approx 1.2 ounces ) somewhat disappointing considering the states permissive. As it can repel not just humans but vicious dogs or any other animal as.... A Complete Guide, can you carry pepper spray considered a firearm Washington...
Watford General Hospital Ophthalmology Consultants, Red Ti Leaf Plant Bad Luck, Articles C