Charles A. Goodrich, 1856, Convening Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Witherspoon&oldid=1132410668. He was dispatched on a fact finding tour to the northern army. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular; you are very much otherwise. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. He was an affectionate husband, a tender parent and a cordial friend. Witherspoon had declined the appointment as president of the college because his wife was reluctant to emigrate. Political career. Wolcott 's wife and children, and other ladies of the town, melted down the statue into 42,088 bullets for the American Army. [1] Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (17681794; now Princeton University) became an influential figure in the development of the United States' national character. Stockton's oldest son Richard was an eminent lawyer and later a Senator from New Jersey. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. Stony Brook Quaker Meeting House Burial Ground, Princeton Township, New Jersey, United States, Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Somerset, Province of New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Somerset, New Jersey, USA, Richard Arthur Stockton, Julia Rush, Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Stockton, Abigail Field, Hannah Boudinot, Rev. Many men of influence were opposed to independence, preferring to return to the relationship of a dozen years earlier. In Princeton today, a University dormitory built in 1877, the street running north from the University's main gate, and the local public middle school all bear his name. The militia commander was signer Thomas Nelson Jr., who noticed that the artillery gunners were shelling everything in the vicinity except his own stately brick mansion, which was being used as British headquarters. Morven is now a State owned Museum, a magnificent home which stands today as a testimonial to the Stockton family. John Witherspoon was born into a ministerial family near Edinburgh on Feb. 5, 1723. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. Follow the life of John Witherspoon, delegate to the Continental Congress and one of 56 signers, who bravely proclaimed the original thirteen colonies would . The gallery was crowded; the floor was reserved for members of Congress; and on the wall hung the empty frame of the portrait of George II, which Alexander Hamiltons cannon ball had destroyed in the fighting of January 3rd at the battle of Princeton six years before. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. discoveries. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence article on StocktonThe Richard Stockton Statue at the Architect of the CapitolAppleton's cyclopdia of American Biography article on StocktonRichard Stockton at Richard Stockton CollegeAmerican Heritage article on Stockton and the Declaration of Allegiance.Richard Stockton at Find a Grave. Meanwhile, the New York State Convention had finally voted to allow its delegates to approve the Declaration, and on July 15th New York became the 13th colony to affirm independence. Documents of the American Revolution. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. Annis Boudinot Stockton died February 6, 1801, surviving her beloved Richard by nearly twenty years. As one colleague reported, "He would lay aside the cloth to take revenge on them, I believe he would send them to the devil if he could." Penn Wharton School & America's Four United Republics Curriculum He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews. As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. Family. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. At the age of 45, he became the sixth president of the college, later known as Princeton University. That Jefferson did his job well is obvious to anyone who has read the Declaration of Independence, particularly his statement of the self-evident truths that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. Adair, "James Madison", Fame and the Founding Fathers, ed. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. Witherspoon advocated for "gradual emancipation" of slaves. John Witherspoon (1723-1794) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian divine and educator. There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. Stockton was given a parole by General Howe in mid January, requiring him to no longer participate in the war effort as was common on both sides. Please try again. Richard Stocktons home Morven became the New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981. My heart melts with compassion for my brave countrymen who are thus venturing their lives in the public service and yet so distressed. Conditions were horrific in prison where over 12,000 men died in prison ships and prisons in New York compared with 4,435 battle casualties during the entire war. His son, Commodore Robert Field Stockton, was a hero of the War of 1812, and in 1846 became the Military Governor of California and later a Senator from New Jersey. President of College of New Jersey, 1768-1792; Delegate to the Continental Congress, 1776-1782; Twice elected to State Legislature of New Jersey. One of the most active members of the Continental Congress, Witherspoon advocated independence, served on a large number of committees, and authored a number of Resolutions of Prayer and Thanksgiving. And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." Thomas Heyward returned to find that his wife had died in hardship during his imprisonment. With the passage of the Stamp Act, such arguments were overcome by colonial backlash. John Knox was his ancestor. by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. Some of the courses he taught personally were Eloquence or Belles Lettres, Chronology (history), and Divinity. Witherspoon, in accordance with the Scottish moral sense philosophy, taught that all human beings, Christian or otherwise, could be virtuous, but he was nonetheless committed to Christianity as the only route to personal salvation. He died in 1794 on his farm Tusculum, just outside Princeton, and is buried along Presidents Row in Princeton Cemetery. explains the conversion of the young Virginian to the philosophy of the Enlightenment."[27]. Therefore, public religion was a vital necessity in maintaining the public morals. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. He did not favor separation; rather, he suggested in 1764 that some colonial members be appointed to the Parliament. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. In the days that followed, copies of the Declaration of Independence was posted throughout the 13 states and read in public places. By invitation he spent a week at the country estate of the Marquis of Rockingham and was entertained by the Earl of Chatham, the Earl of Chesterfield and other distinguished members of Parliament friendly to the American Colonies. He spoke often in debate; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping foreign policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. Behold here 'the end of all perfection.' [5][6] This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. He remained at the university to study divinity. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown. Smith, Rodney K. "James Madison, John Witherspoon, and Oliver Cowerdy: The First Amendment and the 134th Section of the Doctrine and Covenants." The President's House in Princeton, New Jersey, was his home from 1768 to 1779 and is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. Elias Boudinot, brother of Annis, married Stocktons sister Hannah, and was trained as a lawyer by Stockton. The mere communication of that congressional order to General Howe was enough to end the persecution of the Clark brothers and they survived their imprisonment. Trustees of Princeton University. They had ten children, with five surviving to adulthood. Eleven delegates were prosperous merchants, nine were wealthy farmers or landowners, and 24 were lawyers or judges. [5] Witherspoon became prominent within the Church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. John Hancock of Massachusetts, the president of the Congress, had been the first to sign. Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . Seat 7 to which the Hon. He likely also would have been selected to the Constitutional Convention had he not been meeting simultaneously in Philadelphia to draw up a constitution for his own denomination, which paralleled the national document in a number of key respects. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". War Timeline | A son-in-law was Congressman David Ramsay, who married Frances Witherspoon on 18 March 1783. Previously offered for $12M. Plaque on Edinburgh University School of Divinity, Biographical sketches of distinguished Jerseymen (1845), President Witherspoon in the American Revolution (July 1, 1896), The Works of the Rev. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration on July 4th, 1776. Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. On Tuesday, May 11th 1779, he died at the age of 66. Jefferson's Account | John Witherspoon arrived in Philadelphia to take their place as new members of Congress meeting at the State House (now Independence Hall). -----------------------------------------------------------------. Witherspoon's mother's name has alternatively been spelled as "Anna Walker". "[5], Howe's Document that Stockton signed giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war was the parole Benjamin Rush said Richard Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York.[6]. Doctor Samuel Finley at Nottingham Academy in Maryland, and then attended the College of New Jersey at Newark graduating in 1748 before the college relocated to Princeton. 2009. Declaration House | ", Although the Stamp Act was subsequently repealed, it had been followed by the Townshend Acts and the Writs of Assistance in 1767, the Boston Massacre in 1770, increasing interference in colonial governments, the Boston Port Bill in 1774, and other "injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states.". In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. "These are the times that try men's souls," Thomas Paine wrote in COMMON SENSE. Dr. Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. According to John Witherspoon, he arrived on or before July 3rd. Because of Stocktons poor health and the parole requiring him not to participate in the war effort he resigned from Congress. He quickly sided with the patriots who favored independence, and in June 1776, he was elected to Congress. He was prominent in many reforms, especially in the areas of medicine and education. He can have no right either to take away life, or to make it insupportable by excessive labor. He was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St Andrews, Fife. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. Park Service 1973Glynn, John C. & Kathryn Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence. United States Declaration of Independence ten children, and john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree the sixth president of Congress. Influence were opposed to Independence, and Divinity john C. Glynn, 2008, Sources: Archives! 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