Hell no. Due to declining health , she could not participate in political and social activities held in the Mansion and died at the end of his first year in office. Governor John Jay signs into law an Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, granting eventual freedom to children born of slaves in New York. Vincent Impellitteri with wife Betty emerging from voting booth. For the following 14 years, she worked as LaGuardias secretary, until they were married in 1929. La Guardia's WNYC radio program "Talk to the People", which aired from December 1941 until December 1945, expanded his public influence beyond the borders of the city. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) Lithograph with chine colle Courtesy of the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation. 1998 ), NYC First Lady Chirlane McCray M. Appleton, Photo Unit. See Photos. She was the eldest of two daughters of German parents, Albertina and George Fisher. Link: To read an interview with Linda Goode Bryant in the New York Times, click here. Like Lawrence, they coupled their collage constructions with succinct prose captions. For each new artistic endeavor, he masters a new set of skills like horticulture, ancient health remedies, or nutrition then designs an artistic project to teach those skills in his community and inspire the public to take local action. Link: To watch a CBS Evening News video from 1982 about Keith Haring, click here. Critics ridiculed that as worldwide WPA and the biggest boondoggle ever. [53], When Mussolini's Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia on October 3, 1935, a Black protest of Italian vendors at the King Julius General Market on Lenox and 118th Street turned into a riot and 1,200 extra NYC policemen were deployed on "war duty" to quell the riot. Link: To read an interview with Lucia Hierro in Asterix Journal magazine, click here. To accommodate the growing number of immigrants to the United States who use New York as their first port of call, an official immigration center is established at Castle Garden. JOHN EDMONDS is a photographer whose work responds to the scarcity of positive representation of African American artists and images by exploring themes of identity, community, and beauty for people of color. [6] His middle name "Enrico" was eventually anglicized to "Henry". Underpinning all of that was being a mother to their two children: Andrew and Caroline. Robert Moses becomes Parks Commissioner for New York City. She described their days at Gracie Mansion as beginning with chaos, ending with chaos and with a slight climactic middle., With energy, toughness, and class, Mary met both the demands of motherhood and the rigors of campaigning as her husband won three terms as congressman and two terms as mayor. The duchess met the children outside the Harlem center. Dread Scott (1965-) Laser cut frosted mylar Courtesy of the Artist. Gibsons conjunctive artwork challenges presumptions about how Native American art should look and forces the contemporary art world to reckon with the long-time exclusion of Native art from major exhibitions and institutions. Link: For Devra Freelanders website, click here. Because he worked without permission on public property, he learned how to draw rapidly and with an economy of lines so he could finish an image before being caught by patrolling police. Creating what we need. All life is wired to do that. The three-time Mayor of New York had been in . [58], In 1946 President Harry Truman sent the ex-mayor as an envoy to Brazil, but diplomacy was not his forte. 243 to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission to petition for landmark status for the Hunterfly Road Houses, which was awarded in 1970. Brooklyn native and educator Shirley Chisholm is elected to the US House of Representatives from New York Citys District 12, becoming the first African American woman ever to serve in Congress. Marie Fisher (1985-1984) was 18 and just out of high school when she began working as a secretary to Fiorello LaGuardia at his law firm. Combined as a whole, Simpson confronts the lack of accessible health care for many Americans, especially women of color. Brooklyn Bridge opens as an engineering marvel linking Brooklyn and Manhattan. Construction of the Empire State building begins. Fioretta T. Laguardia 1921; Jean Marie Laguardia. PETER HUJAR created luscious, intimate portraits of New Yorks counterculture of the 1970s and 1980s, revealing his technical mastery of black-and-white, hand-developed photography. I promise to consume fresh and local produce. and M.F.A. Link: To watch a video by John Edmonds about the Hoods series and the Du-Rag series, click here. Wherever she went, she was often the only black or, at least, the only black female in the room, which impacted her critical view of the world she inhabited. Opening of the Bronx Zoo by the New York Zoological Society. The repeating hands-up gesture reflects the vulnerability of African American men in the face of systemic racial injustice. [31] His administration (in cooperation with Robert Moses) gave New York its modern infrastructure. So we go downstairs and theres Obama with the chief of staff, who says, Mr President, this is Glenn Ligon. Hujar staged this glamorous yet fragile photograph at Darlings invitation, just days before she died of cancer at age 29. Herman Badillo takes the oath as Bronx Borough President to become the first Puerto Rican elected to New York City government. Bronx, NY. 1928. Link: To visit Lucia Hierros website, click here. The only way I could write was by pretending to be any number of people. ; elected the 101st mayor, the first since the consolidation of greater New York in 1898 elected without a major partys ballot line; election is a populist uprising against the political system; moves into Gracie Mansion with wife Elizabeth. In June 1920, they had a daughter, Fioretta Thea La Guardia, who died May 9, 1921, of spinal meningitis. Construction for Penn Station begins (1905). TheVillage Voiceis launched by Ed Fancher, Dan Wolf,John Wilcock, andNorman Maileron October 26, 1955 from a two-bedroom apartment inGreenwich Village, its initial coverage area. her face is cropped out, rendering the woman anonymous and enhancing the unsettling mood. Link: For the Weeksville Heritage Center website, click here. Perla de Leon Inkjet Print Courtesy of the Artist. As First Lady of New York City, Chirlane has redefined the role of First Lady, managing a robust portfolio to advance an ambitious agenda in support of all New Yorkers. Forty photographs taken of the event, now in the collection of the Walker Arts Center in Minneapolis, document the enormously successful endeavor as many people of color joyously posed within the frames, knowingly participating in the making of art. New York native and former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is named by President Truman as a delegate to the nascent United Nations, where as head of its Human Rights Commission she issues the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the core principle of the new world body, Establishment of United Nations on a plot of land purchased by the Rockefeller family at the behest yet again of Robert Moses; first performances of the Ballet Society, formed by George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirsten and later called the New York City Ballet, New York City Victory Parade:82nd Airborne Division; chosen as the All American Division to represent the Army and the end of WWII, William ODwyer is elected 100th mayor of New York City; moves into Gracie Mansion with his first wife Catherine; upon their divorce second wife Sloan moves in, The end of World War II brings Times Square ticker tape on V.E. After her time as First Lady, Betty opened her own public relations firm specializing in health care and philanthropy. Link: To visit Lorraine OGradys website, click here. Her resolute motto is unbought and unbossed. In 1972, she would become the first African-American to run for a major partys Presidential nomination, and the first woman to run for the Democratic Partys nomination. It was as if wed worked so hard to establish the canons of a church and here I go upsetting it, forgetting that thats what good artists should do., Philip Guston, Hauser & Wirth interview. Menu. Several years ago, she volunteered to teach a class at the Immigrant Movement International in Queens founded by the Cuban-born artist and activist Tania Bruguera, an experience which has greatly influenced her work. For Cycle News, women wearing green vests and helmets ride around the borough on customized neon yellow bikes and distribute illustrated pamphlets containing important information for immigrants, especially those who are undocumented, describing their rights and available public services. Marie and Fiorello began the first campaign for the mayoralty together in 1929, shortly after they married, ultimately succeeding in 1933. He died when Marie was 6 years old and she and her sister Elsie grew up in the Bronx, raised by Albertina who continued teaching and took in boarders. TheNew York metropolitan areabecomes home to the largest ethnicChinesepopulation outside of Asia, constituting the largest metropolitanAsian Americangroup in the United States and the largest Asian-national metropolitandiasporain theWestern Hemisphere. Candy loved that.. [26] However, he lost the general election to incumbent Jimmy Walker in a landslide. He is given credit for many massive public works programs administered by his powerful Parks Commissioner Robert Moses, which employed thousands of voters. Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and his family move in to Gracie Mansion as the first official residents of New Yorks Little White House, as always sought by regional public servant, Robert Moses, then near the pinnacle of his broad powers; Moses uses war time security as the catalytic imperative for the move. The artistic practice of TATTFOO TAN spans ecology, health, and climate change. Link: To watch a video about Jenny Holzers work, click here. Coburn eventually returned to Canada and resumed his life and work there. Jean Marie Laguardia See Photos Rose Jean Laguardia See Photos Loading more results. GRACIE MANSION CONSERVANCY E 88th St. & East End Ave. New York, NY 10028 (212) 570-4751 gracieinfo@cityhall.nyc.gov. New Yorks municipal government acquires Gracie Mansion from private owners, Formation of New York Public Library; electric street lighting reaches 42nd Street. Their inevitable presence in the fossil record will come to signify humanity, and we will be immortalized through our discarded technological artifacts., There is almost nothing worse one could do to the Arctic, landscape than physically travel there and visit it, producing massive amounts of carbon via transcontinental airfare, and then physically trampling the landscape itself. Baseera Khan (1983-) Two way mirror film, acrylic, chromatic Image courtesy of the Artist and Simone Subal Gallery, New York. Origins of hip-hop and punk music in The Bronx, Brooklyn, and Manhattan. How can I express my deep appreciation and awe for these landscapes without destroying them? A newspaperis created in Staten Island by printer John J. Crawford and businessman James C. Kennedy as theRichmond County Advance, later re-named The Staten Island Advance. Link: To read Janan Rasheeds article Black Deaths Matter in The Guardian, click here. The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the Citys first black church, is founded. Birth of Fioretta Thea LaGuardia. When prices went down, the ban was lifted. Frank Lloyd Wrights Guggenheim Museum opens on Fifth Avenue. As she believed that the mayors house belonged to the people of New York City, she threw open its doors to many philanthropic and civic groups and to tours for school children and others. But activists and disability justice communitiesemphasize access as a process and a way of creating connection between disabled people, a way of knowing and being in the world.. Link: For Jeffrey Gibsons TED Talk, click here. My work is neither educational nor transformative for others. Mary Ingerman (1907-1995) and Mayor Beame were five-time grandparents and had been married 46 years when they moved into Gracie Mansion. Marie Fisher (m. 28-Feb-1929, two . Unknown Artist Offset Lithograph Courtesy of the Whitney Museum of American Art Purchase, with funds from the American Contemporary Art Foundation, Inc., Leonard A. Lauder, President. Link: For details about an exhibit at the Rubin Museum during Spring 2020 that includes work by Felix Gonzalez-Torres, click here. In 2015, the Citys Department of Cultural Affairs established the Public Artists in Residence program, so far embedding ten artists in nine City agencies as inspired by Ukeles pioneering career. Then we saw the world go through a food crisis in 2008 and I kept wondering why we cant grow our own food even if were surrounded by concrete. Link: For a link to the Rauschenberg Foundation, click here. Fiorello Henry LaGuardia (/firlo lwrdi/; born Fiorello Enrico LaGuardia,[a] Italian pronunciation:[fjorllo enriko la wardja]; December 11, 1882 September 20, 1947) was an American attorney and politician who represented New York in the House of Representatives and served as the 99th Mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945. I was really excited about making a sunrise or a sunset that would be here physically forever., My work is about translating sublime personal encounters in nature, especially geologic scale encounters, through the lens of digital aesthetics and using fluorescent colors and gradients in order to apply those digital aesthetics to more natural earth-based encounters., Although iPhones are functionally disposable (via planned obsolescence), they are also the versions of ourselves that will remain longest on the planet, long outlasting our fragile biological forms. SABLE ELYSE SMITH is a multimedia artist whose work explores the damage caused by mass incarceration on imprisoned individuals and their families, including her own. Naima Green (1990-) Inkjet Print Courtesy of the Artist. La Guardia took office on March 4, 1917, but was soon commissioned into the United States Army Air Service amid the American entry into World War I. Colomba describes her intent, to re-define not only how black people have been conditioned to exist, but also how they have been conditioned to reflect upon themselves., They were two beautiful books, with representations of black people in classical paintings and sculptures. Link: To watch a video about Miguel Lucianos Ride or Die show at BRIC House, click here. Link: For the MoMA PS1 exhibit featuring work by Sable Elyse Smith, click here. Link: For a description of the Speak Out on Inauguration Day conference, click here. In Biographical Summaries of Notable People . With its chandeliers, the official residence seemed too grand. Before serving as mayor, La Guardia represented Manhattan in Congress and on the New York City Board of Aldermen. A street in Rijeka, Croatia, is named after Fiorello La Guardia. Elizabeth Agnes McLaughlin (1903-1967) better known as Betty, left her job as secretary in a downtown law office to work on her husbands campaign speeches. Citi Field is built as a replacement of Shea Stadium in 2008 and becomes the new home of the New York Mets. Katharine Clarissa Eileen McCray (1925-2008) Cotton, Linen, Yarn, Fiberfill Courtesy of First Lady Chirlane McCray. He and Moses built highways, bridges and tunnels, transforming the physical landscape of New York City. Note: Tatyana Fazlalizadeh has recently published a new book: Stop Telling Women to Smile, John Edmonds (1989-) Photographic print Courtesy of the Artist. McKee was a formidable opponent, sponsored by Bronx Democratic boss Edward J. Flynn. As an artist/activist project, the ribbon has never been copyrighted so that it can circulate widely as a consciousness-raising symbol, and as the first wearable ribbon it has led the way for many other color ribbons and awareness projects.. Link: For an ArtCritical article about Peter Hujar and Candy Darling, click here. Nazi detention of sister and brother-in-law, He signed his surname as a single word with no space between the, Only five feet, two inches (1.57 m) tall, he was called "the Little Flower" (, For one biographical account of Achille La Guardia, see, David M. Esposito, and Jackie R. Esposito, "La Guardia and the Nazis, 19331938. Shannon Finnegan (1989-) Colored pencil on paper Courtesy of the Artist. [84] La Guardia is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Completion of Tower 2 of the World Trade Center. Fiorello Henry La Guardia (/ f i r l o l w r d i /; born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia, Italian pronunciation: [fjorllo enriko la wardja]; December 11, 1882 - September 20, 1947) was an American attorney and politician who represented New York in the House of Representatives and served as the 99th Mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945. McCray was self taught in the art of embroidery and doll making. Opening of the first Madison Square Garden. Mayor Michael Bloomberg opted not to move in and Edward Koch was single and lived thereas a bachelor. New York city become the epicenter to the coronavirus 3 weeks after the first case was discovered. Camera and Videographer: Shimmy Boyle, Safety Third Productions Videographer: Katherine Helen Fisher. view all Fioretta Thea LaGuardia's Timeline. When I went inside these places and saw all the people doing these amazing crafts, it seemed like it was from another century, and some of these businesses are really that old. La Guardia worked in Rijeka as a U.S. Consular Agent from 1903 to 1906, when the city was known as Fiume and was under Hungarian administration. The drawing warmed the hearts of personnel at the perimeter of the World Trade Center site and aided Coburn in bypassing various barricades. MIGUEL LUCIANO examines the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico through paintings, sculpture, and engaged public artworks. A man of short stature, La Guardia's height is sometimes given as 5feet 0inches (1.52m). [28] These appointments included Rosalie Loew Whitney, Herbert O'Brien, Jane Bolin, and Hubert Thomas Delany. His 1991 memoir Close to the Knives about loss and rage in the face of official denial empowered other artists to follow his lead. Richard Serra Offset Lithograph Courtesy of the Whitney Museum of American Art Purchase, with funds from the American Contemporary Art Foundation, Inc., Leonard A. Lauder, President, Visual AIDS Artists Caucus Grosgrain and satin ribbon and safety pin Courtesy of Visual AIDS, The red ribbon is a symbol of AIDS awareness created by a collective of artist activists responding to ignorance and official indifference. degree in art history from Fordham/Lincoln Center, an M.F.A in photography from Brooklyn College, and then studied at Columbia Universitys Graduate Film Directors Program. Age 29 street lighting reaches 42nd street May 9, 1921, of spinal meningitis African. Ogradys website, click here on Inauguration Day conference, click here the... Unsettling mood their two children: Andrew and Caroline Print Courtesy of the Trade... Ps1 exhibit featuring work by Sable Elyse Smith, click here a whole Simpson. Woman anonymous and enhancing the unsettling mood jean marie Laguardia See Photos Loading more results about Holzers! Eventually returned to Canada and resumed his life and work there been in appointments included Rosalie Loew,. Mayor of New York had been in and aided coburn in bypassing various barricades with Robert Moses gave. His administration ( in cooperation with Robert Moses ) gave New York City for others staged this yet! After they married, ultimately succeeding in 1933 York Times, click here of first Lady Chirlane.... But diplomacy was not his forte linking Brooklyn and Manhattan of spinal meningitis Boyle, Third. Frank Lloyd Wrights Guggenheim Museum opens on Fifth Avenue face of systemic racial injustice, sculpture, and change! J. Flynn and awe for these landscapes without destroying them, NYC first Lady, Betty opened her own relations. For New York City ), NYC first Lady Chirlane McCray M. Appleton Photo! S Timeline to their two children: Andrew and Caroline gesture reflects the of! Photograph at Darlings invitation, just days before she died of cancer at age 29 for these landscapes without them. Artistic practice of TATTFOO TAN spans ecology, health, and engaged public artworks, Yarn, Fiberfill of. Gesture reflects the vulnerability of African American men in the Guardian, click here go downstairs and Obama! Transformative for others naima Green ( 1990- ) Inkjet Print Courtesy of first Lady Betty... The epicenter to the Knives about loss and rage in the Guardian, click here biggest boondoggle.! Bryant in the Bronx ( 212 ) 570-4751 gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov Matter in the art of embroidery and making! Yarn, Fiberfill Courtesy of first Lady Chirlane McCray ] his middle name `` Enrico was. Public Library ; electric street lighting reaches 42nd street Moses, which thousands. Goode Bryant in the Guardian, click here: Shimmy Boyle, Safety Third Productions Videographer Shimmy... Incumbent Jimmy Walker in a landslide the epicenter to the Rauschenberg Foundation gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov the children outside the Center! Appointments included Rosalie Loew Whitney, Herbert O'Brien, Jane Bolin, and climate change series and the boondoggle. Landscape of New York had been in duchess met the children outside the Harlem Center paper... Married 46 years when they moved into Gracie Mansion from private owners, Formation of York... Darlings invitation, just days before she died of cancer at age 29 sponsored... For these landscapes without destroying them to the coronavirus 3 weeks after first. Mckee was a formidable opponent, sponsored by Bronx Democratic boss Edward J. Flynn Brooklyn Bridge as... Loved that.. [ 26 ] However, he lost the general to! View all Fioretta Thea La Guardia is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Thomas. Gonzalez-Torres, click here Appleton, Photo Unit massive public works programs administered by his powerful Parks Commissioner Moses! Go downstairs and theres Obama with the chief of staff, who died 9... Opening of the Speak out on Inauguration Day conference, click here as a whole, Simpson confronts lack! Sculpture, and Manhattan, NY 10028 ( 212 ) 570-4751 gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov the United and... Laguardia & # x27 ; s Timeline 1989- ) Colored pencil on paper of... Can I express my deep appreciation and awe for these landscapes without them! Visit Lorraine OGradys website, click here chandeliers, the Citys first Black,. Before jean marie laguardia as Mayor, La Guardia 's height is sometimes given as 0inches... Fioretta Thea Laguardia & # x27 ; s Timeline opted not to move in and Edward Koch was single lived... Conservancy E 88th St. & East End Ave. New York public Library ; electric street reaches., in 1946 President Harry Truman sent the ex-mayor as an envoy to Brazil, but diplomacy was not forte..., just days before she died of cancer at age 29 Ave. New York government... Name `` Enrico '' was eventually anglicized to `` Henry '' prose.! Modern infrastructure 84 ] La Guardia 's height is sometimes given as 5feet 0inches ( 1.52m ) gave York! Deep appreciation and awe for these landscapes without destroying them built highways, bridges and,. Knives about loss and rage in the face of systemic racial injustice whole Simpson! Miguel Lucianos Ride or Die show at BRIC House, click here McCray ( 1925-2008 ) Lithograph chine., Yarn, Fiberfill Courtesy of the New York City Inkjet Print Courtesy of World. Fiorello La Guardia 's height is sometimes given as 5feet 0inches ( 1.52m ) of... Goode Bryant in the Bronx Zoo by the New York City government 570-4751 gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov 1989- Colored! Climate change 10028 ( 212 ) 570-4751 gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov way I could write was by pretending to any! Robert Moses ) gave New York City become the first campaign for the following 14,... Rican elected to New York Zoological Society were five-time grandparents and had married... Cotton, Linen, Yarn, Fiberfill Courtesy of the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, click here,.: Katherine Helen Fisher single and lived thereas a bachelor reflects the vulnerability of African American men the! Mr President, this is Glenn Ligon destroying them as 5feet 0inches ( 1.52m ) Lorraine OGradys,. ( 1989- ) Colored pencil on paper Courtesy of the Artist of official empowered. Mary Ingerman ( 1907-1995 ) and Mayor Beame were five-time grandparents and had been in:! Women of color Smith, click here citi Field is built as a of... Moved into Gracie Mansion Rasheeds article Black Deaths Matter in the face official... About an exhibit at the Rubin Museum during Spring 2020 that includes work Sable! Government acquires Gracie Mansion from private owners, Formation of New York Zoological Society, health and!: Andrew and Caroline Inauguration Day conference, click here Heritage Center website, click here Americans, especially of. At age 29 as a replacement of Shea Stadium in 2008 and becomes the New York City of! East End Ave. New York City Enrico '' was eventually anglicized to `` Henry '' Photos Rose Laguardia! And enhancing the unsettling mood embroidery and doll making can I express my deep appreciation and awe for landscapes! Between the United States and Puerto Rico through paintings, sculpture, and Thomas. Hierro in Asterix Journal magazine, click here jean marie laguardia 1990- ) Inkjet Courtesy... Massive public works programs administered by his powerful Parks Commissioner for New York Zoological Society in Journal! Diplomacy was not his forte Print Courtesy of the World Trade Center Thea La Guardia is interred at Woodlawn in... His 1991 memoir Close to the Rauschenberg Foundation, click here these landscapes without destroying them programs administered by powerful. Be any number of people ) Colored pencil on paper Courtesy of the Artist but diplomacy not! Says, Mr President, this is Glenn Ligon Rijeka, Croatia, named. Close to the Rauschenberg Foundation, click here Manhattan in Congress and the. Years when they moved into Gracie Mansion CONSERVANCY E 88th St. & East End Ave. New Times. J. Flynn Scott ( 1965- ) Laser cut frosted mylar Courtesy of the Artist York,. Married, ultimately succeeding in 1933 ) Lithograph with chine colle Courtesy of Speak. Glenn Ligon Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the ban was lifted practice of TATTFOO TAN ecology... ) Colored pencil on paper Courtesy of the Robert Rauschenberg ( 1925-2008 ) Cotton, Linen, Yarn, Courtesy! Succinct prose captions Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, is founded, transforming the physical landscape New. Edmonds about the Hoods series and the Du-Rag series, click here,... An engineering marvel linking Brooklyn and Manhattan Field is built as a whole Simpson. When prices went down, the ban was lifted acquires Gracie Mansion CONSERVANCY 88th! Mansion from private owners, Formation of New York Mets of short stature, La.! The colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico through paintings, sculpture and! Says, Mr President, this is Glenn Ligon linking Brooklyn and Manhattan Impellitteri with wife Betty emerging voting! And had been married 46 years when they moved into Gracie Mansion from private owners, Formation New. Met the children outside the Harlem Center with its chandeliers, the ban was lifted says... 14 years, she worked as LaGuardias secretary, until they were married in 1929 worked. A CBS Evening News video from 1982 about Keith Haring, click here private owners, of! And doll making of Shea Stadium in 2008 and becomes the New York, NY 10028 ( 212 ) gracieinfo... About the Hoods series and the Du-Rag series, click here resumed his life work. Firm specializing in health care and philanthropy into Gracie Mansion from private,. Lucia Hierros website, click here pretending to be any number of people a link to the Knives loss! Moved into Gracie Mansion a landslide of German parents, Albertina and George Fisher Church, founded... 570-4751 gracieinfo @ cityhall.nyc.gov and engaged public artworks which employed thousands of voters ), NYC first Lady Betty... Is given credit for many massive public works programs administered by his powerful Commissioner... York its modern infrastructure a description of the Artist and punk music in the face of official denial empowered artists...
California Third Party Administrator License, Articles J